Documents

Index a document

A document to be indexed in a given collection must conform to the schema of the collection.

If the document contains an id field of type string, Typesense would use that field as the identifier for the document. Otherwise, Typesense would assign an identifier of its choice to the document.

Upserting a document

You can also upsert a document.

To index multiple documents at the same time, in a batch/bulk operation, see importing documents.

Sample Response

Definition

POST ${TYPESENSE_HOST}/collections/:collection/documents

Search

In Typesense, a search consists of a query against one or more text fields and a list of filters against numerical or facet fields. You can also sort and facet your results.

Sample Response

When a string[] field is queried, the highlights structure would include the corresponding matching array indices of the snippets. For e.g:

Group by

You can aggregate search results into groups or buckets by specify one or more group_by fields.

Grouping hits this way is useful in:

• Deduplication: By using one or more group_by fields, you can consolidate items and remove duplicates in the search results. For example, if there are multiple shoes of the same size, by doing a group_by=size&group_limit=1, you ensure that only a single shoe of each size is returned in the search results.
• Correcting skew: When your results are dominated by documents of a particular type, you can use group_by and group_limit to correct that skew. For example, if your search results for a query contains way too many documents of the same brand, you can do a group_by=brand&group_limit=3 to ensure that only the top 3 results of each brand is returned in the search results.

TIP

To group on a particular field, it must be a faceted field.

Grouping returns the hits in a nested structure, that's different from the plain JSON response format we saw earlier. Let's repeat the query we made earlier with a group_by parameter:

Definition

GET ${TYPESENSE_HOST}/collections/:collection/documents/search

Arguments

Parameter	Required	Description
q	yes	The query text to search for in the collection. Use * as the search string to return all documents. This is typically useful when used in conjunction with filter_by. For example, to return all documents that match a filter, use:q=*&filter_by=num_employees:10
query_by	yes	One or more string / string[] fields that should be queried against. Separate multiple fields with a comma: company_name, country The order of the fields is important: a record that matches on a field earlier in the list is considered more relevant than a record matched on a field later in the list. So, in the example above, documents that match on the company_name field are ranked above documents matched on the country field.
prefix	no	Boolean field to indicate that the last word in the query should be treated as a prefix, and not as a whole word. This is necessary for building autocomplete and instant search interfaces. Default: true
filter_by	no	Filter conditions for refining your search results. A field can be matched against one or more values. country: USA country: [USA, UK] To match a string field exactly, you have to mark the field as a facet and use the := operator. For eg: category:=Shoe will match documents from the category shoes and not from a category like shoe rack. You can also filter using multiple values: category:= [Shoe, Sneaker]. Separate multiple conditions with the && operator. For eg: num_employees:>100 && country: [USA, UK] More examples: num_employees:10 num_employees:<=10
sort_by	no	A list of numerical fields and their corresponding sort orders that will be used for ordering your results. Separate multiple fields with a comma. Up to 3 sort fields can be specified in a single search query, and they'll be used as a tie-breaker - if the first value in the first sort_by field ties for a set of documents, the value in the second sort_by field is used to break the tie, and if that also ties, the value in the 3rd field is used to break the tie between documents. If all 3 fields tie, the document insertion order is used to break the final tie. E.g. num_employees:desc,year_started:asc The text similarity score is exposed as a special _text_match field that you can use in the list of sorting fields. If one or two sorting fields are specified, _text_match is used for tie breaking, as the last sorting field. Default: If no sort_by parameter is specified, results are sorted by:_text_match:desc,``default_sorting_field:desc.
facet_by	no	A list of fields that will be used for faceting your results on. Separate multiple fields with a comma.
max_facet_values	no	Maximum number of facet values to be returned.
facet_query	no	Facet values that are returned can now be filtered via this parameter. The matching facet text is also highlighted. For example, when faceting by category, you can set facet_query=category:shoe to return only facet values that contain the prefix "shoe".
num_typos	no	Number of typographical errors (1 or 2) that would be tolerated. Damerau–Levenshtein distance (opens new window) is used to calculate the number of errors. Default: 2
page	no	Results from this specific page number would be fetched.
per_page	no	Number of results to fetch per page. Default: 10
group_by	no	You can aggregate search results into groups or buckets by specify one or more group_by fields. Separate multiple fields with a comma. NOTE: To group on a particular field, it must be a faceted field. E.g. group_by=country,company_name
group_limit	no	Maximum number of hits to be returned for every group. If the group_limit is set as K then only the top K hits in each group are returned in the response. Default: 3
include_fields	no	Comma-separated list of fields from the document to include in the search result.
exclude_fields	no	Comma-separated list of fields from the document to exclude in the search result.
highlight_full_fields	no	Comma separated list of fields which should be highlighted fully without snippeting. Default: all fields will be snippeted.
highlight_affix_num_tokens	no	The number of tokens that should surround the highlighted text on each side. Default: 4
snippet_threshold	no	Field values under this length will be fully highlighted, instead of showing a snippet of relevant portion. Default: 30
drop_tokens_threshold	no	If the number of results found for a specific query is less than this number, Typesense will attempt to drop the tokens in the query until enough results are found. Tokens that have the least individual hits are dropped first. Set drop_tokens_threshold to 0 to disable dropping of tokens. Default: 10
typo_tokens_threshold	no	If the number of results found for a specific query is less than this number, Typesense will attempt to look for tokens with more typos until enough results are found. Default: 100
pinned_hits	no	A list of records to unconditionally include in the search results at specific positions. An example use case would be to feature or promote certain items on the top of search results. A comma separated list of record_id:hit_position. Eg: to include a record with ID 123 at Position 1 and another record with ID 456 at Position 5, you'd specify 123:1,456:5. You could also use the Overrides feature to override search results based on rules. Overrides are applied first, followed by pinned_hits and finally hidden_hits.
hidden_hits	no	A list of records to unconditionally hide from search results. A comma separated list of record_ids to hide. Eg: to hide records with IDs 123 and 456, you'd specify 123,456. You could also use the Overrides feature to override search results based on rules. Overrides are applied first, followed by pinned_hits and finally hidden_hits.

Retrieve a document

Fetch an individual document from a collection by using its id.

Sample Response

Definition

GET ${TYPESENSE_HOST}/collections/:collection/documents/:id

Update a document

Update an individual document from a collection by using its id. The update can be partial, as shown below:

Sample Response

Definition

PATCH ${TYPESENSE_HOST}/collections/:collection/documents/:id

Delete a document

Delete an individual document from a collection by using its id.

Sample Response

Definition

DELETE ${TYPESENSE_HOST}/collections/:collection/documents/:id

Export documents

Sample Response

Definition

GET ${TYPESENSE_HOST}/collections/:collection/documents/export

Import documents

The documents to be imported can be either an array of document objects or be formatted as a newline delimited JSON string (see JSONL (opens new window)).

Indexing multiple documents at the same time You can index multiple documents via the import API.

The other allowed action modes are create and update.

Action modes

create (default)	Creates a new document. Fails if a document with the same id already exists
upsert	Creates a new document or updates an existing document if a document with the same id already exists.
update	Updates an existing document. Fails if a document with the given id does not exist.

Importing a JSONL file

You can feed the output of a Typesense export operation directly as import to the import end-point since both use JSONL.

Here's an example file:

You can import the above documents.jsonl file like this.

In the example above, we're importing the documents with the action flag set to create. This means that the documents will be inserted only if a document with the same id is not already found.

As we have seen earlier, you can also use the upsert and update actions. If you don't provide an action, the default mode is create.

Configuring the batch size used for import

By default, Typesense ingests 40 documents at a time into Typesense. To increase this value, use the batch_size parameter.

NOTE: Larger batch sizes will consume larger transient memory during import.

Sample Response

Each line of the response indicates the result of each document present in the request body (in the same order). If the import of a single document fails, it does not affect the other documents.

If there is a failure, the response line will include a corresponding error message and as well as the actual document content. For example, the second document had an import failure in the following response:

Definition

POST ${TYPESENSE_HOST}/collections/:collection/documents/import